Educating a Patient to Fight Leukemia Essay -- Leukemia Patient Educat

Currently, in the Unites States there are more than 250,000 Americans living with leukemia. Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cells, which help your body weightlift infection. Your blood cells form in your bone marrow. In leukemia, the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells these cells crowd out the healthy blood cells, make it hard for blood to do its work (Leukemia, 2013). Fifty four year old Regina was just diagnosed with leukemia. Upon assessment I gathered that she has never smoked in her life, she has the occasional glass of wine and loves to go for walk and hikes in the mountains. After interviewing her I learned she is ready to learn and battle this new cancer diagnosis, including her family in the teaching process is very important to Regina and she is a very visual learner. She has a very positive attitude and lots of support from her friends and family.Readiness to get word From the beginning Regina has been ready to tackle this new diagnosis and is ready to get better. Being so young for this diagnosis, the patient understands the disease and it doesnt affect her power to learn. To provide a more comfortable learning environment for my patient I would not choose to do my teaching in the examination room. I feel that those rooms do not have a very warm comforting feeling and they can alike be very gaudy and distracting. It would be better to provide a quiet, welcoming and comfortable environment. Interruptions could interfere with the patient teaching process so I would hang a DO NOT DISTURB sign on the door to eliminate distractions. It would also be very important to have her family there for the teaching process since they bequeath be the ones that will provide some of her care. Th... ...ailable to them to reference if they were ever unsure. The second goal was also met. She stated two of the risk factors that she could face contracting a virus and that she will take the needed precautions to avoid deat h. Lastly the patient confided in me and discussed her feeling identifying three of her emotions and asked for more information on the support groups she could join. Regina also wrote down the websites I referred to her and I gave her a pamphlet on coping with leukemia. Even though she has already learned a lot about her diagnosis there is always more to be taught. Works CitedLeukemia. (2013, July 29). Retrieved from http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/leukemia.htmlSuszynski, M. (2011, January 04). Cooking and eating to fight leukemia. Retrieved from http//www.everydayhealth.com/leukemia/cooking-and-eating-to-fight-leukemia.aspx

The Cultural Roots of Technology Essay -- Environment Environmental Po

A technology evolves within a culture and its specific demands and preoccupations, intertwined with that societys particular environment (Teresi, 356). As the human race and daily life becomes more advanced, there are times when it becomes necessary to consider the variables that influence our society. These variables-religion, tradition, environment, etc. - substantiate up the culture of a society. New technologies are created when the people living in a particular society feel that one of these variables needs to be expanded upon or changed (Discovery Channel, Feb. 11). A particularly relevant example is the United States Space program. The space program grew out of the Cold War in the 1960s. The proficient needs of this effort, specifically small computers, heat resistant ceramics, radio communication, and power cells lead to the products and devices that we enjoy today. Societies, with their specific cultural needs, influenced the development of their own tech nology. For example, the Chinese in ninth century A.D. were fascinated with perfumes, noxious bombs, explosions, gases, and smoke. They burned incense and fumigated their houses for health as well as spiritual reasons. In the Chinese culture, smoke and loud explosions were connected to the spiritual and supernatural world. Chinese priests invented pulverisation by combining charcoal, saltpeter, and sulfur. Their military-centered society saw the advantages gunpowder gave them in battle situations as well. The Chinese were the firstborn to invent land mines, fire lances, and grenades. When Europeans learned about gunpowder, they began experimenting (Teresi, 355-56). Before long, cannons and guns were invented and warfare would never be the same aga... ... purposes, would the history of war have changed? It is probable that gunpowder would have eventually been invented, but who would have discovered it and when? What was their culture like would the smoke and fumes mak e them feel connected to supernatural beings or would gunpowder strictly be used for war? Just like the space program created cultural needs and wants over fifty years ago, culture continues to be the driving force for technological developments.SourcesChant, Colin, Chapter 2 Greece in Pre-industrial Cities and Technology, Routledge Press, 1999, pp. 48-80.Ehrlich, Paul R., Ch.11 Gods, Dive-Bombers, and Bureaucracy in Human Natures Genes Cultures, and the Human Prospect, Island Press, 2000, pp. 253-279.Teresi, Dick, Lost Discoveries The ancient roots of modern science, Simon and Schuster, 2002, ISBN 0-684-83718-8, pp. 325-367.

Mayans :: History

MayansThe Mayans believe that M early(a) Earth was a gigantic monster. It was an alligator, toad, and a turtle combined. Above her was a sky with a layer for each planet and spheres of movement for the sun and the moon. Below her was the underworld where heavenly bodies passed when out of sight. solely around her were the spirits of rain and thunder. The deities of the food plants and animals attended her. All nature was alive and it was constantly dying and being reborn (Bur drop 1771). The Mayans are American Indian people who lived in southern Mexico (Miller Maya Grolier). The Yucatan was the center of the Mayan civilization from about the 1st century B.C. (Yucantan Grolier). They flourished in Mexico and central America from 250 to 1600 A.D. (History of Agriculture Grolier). Their ancestors had crossed the Bering land Bridge from Asia (Miller Maya Grolier). Honduras was once a part of the Mayan Empire. It had flourished between 250 and 950 A.D. (Seligson Honduras Grolier). The M ayans also had lived in Mexican states Yucantan and Chiapas, British Honduras, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador (Burland 1770) By 1200 B.C., they had dominated trade routes. The trade routes wide from the modern Mexico state of Guerrero to Costa Rica (Miller Maya Grolier). The Mayans had constant cultural and commercial contact from other tribes such as the Aztecs. They were with the central and coastal Mexican civilization that had influenced them and influenced other cultures (Harrison History of Latin America Grolier). The Mayans worshiped peace deities (Matthews 45). They also worshiped a creator who lived beyond the sky, and believed it was male and female. Mayans also believed that males were more important (Burland 1771). They explain this with the fact that homosexual came first (Thompson Internet). They also believe in satisfying the creators and fear death. The Mayans had similar beliefs of creation and similar and not similar gods with the Greeks, had a belief in a Heaven and a Hell, four attempts at making humans and three different worlds made. The Greeks had believed there was nothing, that the world began with Chaos, which is similar to the Mayan belief that there was no Earth, no sun and no moon. The only existence was the house of Gucumatz, which is Heaven where the father and mother of all creatures lived. The other is the house of the Ahauab de Xibalba, which is Hell.

Analysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorn :: essays research papers fc

Ld be at my very elbow" symbolizes that the forest is a mysterious and imposing place (244). With the words, "staff, which bore the likeness of a great black snake" (244) and "The flash his fingers touched them, they became strangely withered and dried up as with a week&8217s sunshine" symbolizes the raise up (246).      Another important literary element that Hawthorne uses is characterization. He also uses symbolism to represent his characters. For instance, Faith is the wife of Young Good mankind Brown and is represented as a beautiful, faithful, and kind person. When Hawthorne writes, "the wind play with the pink ribbons of her cap", symbolizes Faith to be a beautiful and pleasant person (244). Also Hawthorne writes, "as the wife was aptly named, and she&8217s a blessed angel on earth" symbolizes that Faith is faithful and ingenuous (243). In contrast to Faith is the mysterious travellar. He represents the devil in the forest which represents hell. Hawthorne writes, "his staff, which bore the likeness of a great black snake" (244) and "The moment his fingers touched them, they became strangely withered and dried up, as with a week&8217s sunshine" (246) symbolizes the hellish powers of the devil.      Young Goodman Brown plays the middle man within the story. He is married to a beautiful wife and is urged to become bad in the hellish forest. He also finds that his religion teacher, Goody Cloyse, and the church building minister, Deacon Gookin, was in this forest. Young Goodman Brown faces an internal troth with good and evil. Hawthorne writes, "With Heaven above, and Faith below, I will yet stand firm against the devil" lets you know that Young Goodman Brown is strongly against evil (247). Also within the story Hawthorne writes, "My Faith is gone, there is no good on earth, and sin is precisely a name. Come, devil for to there is this wor ld given" which shows that Young Goodman Brown has come to realize that he can no longer trust anyone (248).      In this allegory, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses dual settings, along with mood, conflict and characterization to create his theme. That mankind possesses both good and evil within each individual. This is represented by the internal conflict by Young Goodman Brown to be a good individual, but realizing that everyone possess bad.

Janie Crawford’s School of Hard Knocks in Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

Janie Crawfords School of Hard Knocks in Their Eyes Were Watching God      Janie Crawford evolving selfhood through three marriages.  Fair-skinned,long haired, dreamy as a child, Janie grows up expecting better treatment thanshe gets.  Living sprightliness as one mans mules or another mans adornment.  Janie isone black woman who does not have to digest in lost sorrow, bitterness, fear, orfoolish romantic dreams, for Janie has learned two things everybodys got tuhdo fuh theyselves.  They got tuh go tuh God, and they got tuh find out aboutlivin fuh themselves.  Janie Crawford is better off at the end of the novalTheir Eyes Were Watching God.      Janie is confused when she was a young woman.  The noval explains her lifeas a young girl. Her mother left her when she was really young.  Janie nevermet her.  Her granny explains that her master raped her, Den, one night ahheard de big funs boomin lak thunder.  It kept up all night. And de nextmorin Ah could see uh big ship at a distance and a great stirrin round.  So Ahwrapped mah way on down to de make forin.  The men was all in blue, and Ah heardpeople say Sherman was comin to stomach de boats in Savannah, and all of us slaveswas free.  So Ah run got mah baby and got in quotation wid people and found aplace Ah could stay.  Grandmother was wanting to shake a school teacher out ofJanies mother.  Janie found out that a school teacher rapped her mother so shenever met her father either.  Janies mother was seventeen, when she was heavy(predicate) with Janie.  After Janie was born, Janies mother took to drinking alot.  Janies grandmother  raised Janie since she was born, grandmother saysMaybe it wasnt much, but Ah done de best Ah kin by you.  Ah raked and scrapedand bought dis lil piece uh land so you wouldnt have to stay in de white folksyard and tuck yo head befor other chillun at school.  When Ja nie turnedsixteen years of age, her childhood had end with a kiss from a boy namedJohnny Taylor.  Grandmother wanted to see her married at once but Janie did notunderstand what was exit on.  Janie did not feel love for this man or any manat this time but grandmother explains that she is not going to be nearly foreverand she wants to protect her from harm and danger.  Janies life as a youngperson was a hardship she did not understand what purpose in life she has and

Janie Crawford’s School of Hard Knocks in Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

Janie Crawfords School of Hard Knocks in Their Eyes Were Watching God      Janie Crawford evolving selfhood through three marriages.  Fair-skinned,long haired, moonlit as a child, Janie grows up expecting split treatment thanshe gets.  Living life as one mans mules or a nonher mans adornment.  Janie isone black woman who does not have to live in lost sorrow, bitterness, fear, orfoolish romantic dreams, for Janie has learned two things everybodys got tuhdo fuh theyselves.  They got tuh go tuh God, and they got tuh find out aboutlivin fuh themselves.  Janie Crawford is better off at the end of the novalTheir Eyes Were Watching God.      Janie is confused when she was a young woman.  The noval explains her lifeas a young girl. Her mother left her when she was rattling young.  Janie nevermet her.  Her grandmother explains that her master raped her, Den, one night ahheard de big funs boomin lak thunder.  It ke pt up all night. And de nextmorin Ah could see uh big channel at a distance and a great stirrin round.  So Ahwrapped mah way on down to de landin.  The men was all in blue, and Ah heard community say Sherman was comin to meet de boats in Savannah, and all of us slaveswas free.  So Ah run got mah baby and got in quotation wid people and found aplace Ah could stay.  nanna was wanting to make a school teacher out ofJanies mother.  Janie found out that a school teacher rapped her mother so shenever met her pay back either.  Janies mother was seventeen, when she waspregnant with Janie.  After Janie was born, Janies mother took to drinking alot.  Janies grandmother  raised Janie since she was born, grandmother saysMaybe it wasnt much, but Ah done de best Ah kin by you.  Ah raked and scrapedand bought dis lil piece uh land so you wouldnt have to stay in de white folksyard and tuck yo head befor other chillun at school.  When Janie turnedsixtee n days of age, her childhood had ended with a kiss from a boy namedJohnny Taylor.  Grandmother wanted to see her married at once but Janie did notunderstand what was way out on.  Janie did not feel love for this man or any manat this time but grandmother explains that she is not going to be around foreverand she wants to protect her from harm and danger.  Janies life as a youngperson was a hardship she did not understand what shoot for in life she has and

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Personal Qualities Essay

1. Characterization What do you learn about the attitudes, beliefs, and personal qualities of the duke and the business leader from their words and actions? In what way is the characterization of the duke and the king satiric? understand their claims about their lineage, their acting, and the faulty historical and literary tout ensembleusions they make. What is Twain suggesting by having the king and the duke pull their first con at a religious revival?The duke and king have little sense of right and wrong, or at least choose to ignore it. they are unlearnedbut fairly intelligent custody who think more highly of themselves than they ought to, as is strongly hinted at by their claims to lineage, and they take pride and joy in swindling new(prenominal)s of their money, heedless of religion or other core principles held by most people.This doesnt change at all. ThEww characters are satiric towards society as a whole, putting money before all else. 2. Theme What epiphany does Huck h ave in Ch. 23 that advances his inner conflict? What theme is Twain addressing? Buck realizes that Jim has a family as well, and can feel only if like any other man. Here, twain is addressing the theme of equality. 3.Pathos A quality in a work or a portion so that makes the reader experience pity, sorrow, or tenderness is called pathos.Generally the character is pathetic, helpless, and/or an innocent victim suffering through no fault of his or her own. recognize and explain an example of pathos in Ch. 23. Twain uses pathos when he writes how Jim is homesick and misses his family, and how Jim feels guilty for beating his daughter, not knowing she was deaf. This is a sad story, employ to evoke emotion from the reader, thus making the passage more enticing. Twain does this throughout the book in order to hold the attention of the reader.

Do We Define Our Lives Essay

Over the last decade or so people lead begun to excite a reel into accepting a new way of looking at the world that we live in the belief that is do this impact is that you create your experience animateness and, in some respects, you be in charge of your own destiny. This system of beliefs became known as the bleak Age Movement, however its in reality not all that new. The natural justness of draw play, as its also known, has been around perhaps nearly as long as humans accommodate been able to have reasonable thoughts. In fact, theres a quote from Buddha saying, All that we ar is a result of what we have thought. This police force of attractiveness has only gained popularity recently because of the emergence of books like The Secret into popular culture that seemed to germinate the world by storm. As with any thing that becomes hugely popular, it has varied from being astray accepted to being strongly criticized. There are numerous authors who have indite books i nstructing readers how to tap into the universe and use the law of attraction to bring things into your intent history that you want.Conversely, there are just as many who criticize this new way of thinking as being lazy, selfish, and causing people to not take responsibility for the actual work needed to action their goals. Perhaps the biggest criticism of the unused Age frontment comes unsurprisingly from the Christian community, who claim that the idea of you being in control of your own life takes away from the t separatelyings that are portrayed in the tidings that God is is ultimately in control and that we should leave things completely up to Him. However, even in books guiding people to understand the law of attraction, they use quotes from the Bible or use the name God to describe the force that is support people achieve their best lives. Its hard not to get caught up in something that claims that we can attract great things into our lives with little or no effort, or to get caught up in the argument that its selfish of us to want certain things in our lives and to pursue them.Ultimately, I think what it comes follow up to is what you find that works for you. I believe the biggest influence on convincing people that the law of attraction works is participation in the act of de repairate what you want out of your life instead of floating thorough it aimlessly, and in doing so, you cause yourself to put in motion the actions that will make those things go through. My English professor, Dr. Janet Smith, verbalised it best when she said, You cant control other people and you cant control the world, but to some extent you can control your own life. Another influence from the law of attraction is actively changing your perspective on the events that are happening in your life. Abraham Lincoln is quoted as saying, People are just as happy as they make up their minds to be and I have to say that I agree whole-heartedly with him.To begin to underst and the law of attraction and the effect that its had on the world and even on your own life, the first thing that you should look at is the book The Secret written by Rhonda Byrne, released in 2006. The book very came out some time shortly after the movie that shared the same title and is basically a way of reiterating the main thoughts that were presented in the film, but in a text version that could be easier used for referring confirm to. The book begins by introducing the idea of the law of attraction by saying, When you focus your thoughts on something you want, and you hold that focus, you are in that moment summoning what you want with the mightiest motive in the Universe (Byrne 14). The book actually takes the liberty of describing the law of attraction as a definable law of nature as is seen when Byrne states, The law of attraction is a law of nature. It is as indifferent and impersonal as the law of gravity is. It is precise, and it is exact (Byrne 27) and also, Just like the law of gravity, the law of attraction never slips up (Byrne 36).The Secret then goes into describing how a person can tap into the law of attraction and bring about the life that theyve envisioned for themselves. The book highlights gratitude and visualization as being key components to receiving what you seek. Byrne takes an exemplification from her own experience and says, With all that I have read and all that I have experienced in my own life using The Secret, the power of gratitude stands above everything else. If you only do one thing with your knowledge of The Secret use gratitude until it becomes a way of life (Byrne 76). Visualization is described as, powerfully cerebrate thought in pictures When you are visualizing, you are emitting that powerful frequency out into the Universe. The law of attraction will take hold of that powerful signal and pay back those pictures back to you, just as you saw them in your mind (Byrne 81). By using these two powerful forces o f attraction, supposedly you can bring about whatever it is that you desire to have in your life.However, the most important thing to notice here is that by using gratitude in whatever circumstances you find yourself in, you are forcing yourself to change your perspective of how your life appears and by visualizing what you want out of your life, you are defining clear goals that you want to work to achieve and your subconcious begins to take actions to make that happen for you. i of my good friends, Mark Aspiazu, defined life as a Plinko game The coin is basically going along the path that your life is taking, and each peg is a decision that you make, every day, every hour, every minute, etc. If you have unclear goals, the coin just bounces along and goes wherever. If you define your goal, you find yourself making decisions that push the coin one way or the other and if you find yourself off the path and then remember your goal, you can bring the coin back to where you want it. So metimes you meet your goal, sometimes the goal changes, but your decisions never stop pushing the coin (your life) along the path. Mark Aspiazu, President of Herzing University (New Orleans campus)A book that I read recently, The Alchemist, written by Paolo Coelho in 1988, is another novel that introduces readers to the idea of the law of attraction and the universe helping people to achieve what they set their minds to. However, in The Alchemist, rather than having personal desires fulfilled by the Universe and the law of attraction, we are introduced to the idea of having a predetermined path that will make our lives complete, should we make the decision to follow it. Paolo Coelho lays out his teachings through the story of a early shepard boy named Santiago who discovers his life path, or personal legend as the author refers to it, through a recurring dream. He then takes bold measures to pursue it and loses everything he has at least twice in the process. But along the way, he meets key people who instruct him on the practice of quest your personal legend and lead him in the righteousness direction to follow his own.One of the first, and most influential people that Santiago meets is an old king who introduces him to the idea of personal legends and says, when you want something, all the universe conspires in helping you to achieve it (Coelho 22). The biggest thing that Santiago is taught to look out for is omens that come from God in various shapes and sizes, In order to find the treasure, you will have to follow the omens. God has vigilant a path for everyone to follow. You just have to read the omens that He left for you (Coelho 30). However, following the omens can sometimes be intimidating because its a beat that you have to take that pushes you out of your comfort zone and into unknown territory.This is where the idea of having the courage to follow your personal legend really comes into play Courage is the flavour most essential to understa nding the Language of the World (Coelho 117). This isnt a foreign concept to anyone and is brought up throughout history, one quote being by Basil King circa 1900, Be bold and mighty forces will come to your aid, and another more recently by the former owner of the New Orleans Hornets, George Shinn, Growth means change and change involves risk, stepping from the known into the unknown.Santiago succeeds and manages to follow his personal legend to the end, even though he regretted it and wished to return to his sheep several(prenominal) times along the way. Though sometimes it may seem as if hes strayed off the path, God and the universe continue to push him and lightly guide him in the direction that hes meant to go. At every crossroad, hes given the option to turn back or move forward, and though hes afraid, he perseveres remembering, people need not fear the unknown if they are capable of achieving what they need and want (Coelho 76) and eventually finds achiever and happiness.T he idea that Coelho introduces through his simple story is one of choosing to follow a predetermined fate and having God (and therefore, the universe) conspire to help make that a reality. It introduces the law of attraction in a way that would maybe be easier to swallow for those who were most opposed to it. The biggest argument against the uprising movement that The Secret inspired came from the Christian community, and with good reason it seems to go against the very basic fundamentals that are taught in the Bible, to follow Gods will unfalteringly and let Him do everything, no questions asked. At first glance, they could be seen as being right. But when you look at the supposed dilemma through the eyes of Coelhos young shepard boy, you see someone making choices, yes, but choices to follow a path that has been laid out for them. Theres no denying that God has a designated a path for you, for He himself says, For I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord, plans to pros per you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future (Jeremiah 2911 NIV).While The Secret can be seen as bordering on herecy according to some Christians, it actually claims to follow the formula thats demonstrated in the Bible on how to receive what youre looking for and uses the passage to display this, Therefore I tell you, whatever you ask for in prayer, believe that you have acquire it, and it will be yours (Mark 1124 NIV). Jesus also says, Ask and it will be given to you seek and you will find knock and the opening will be opened to you (Matthew 77 NIV). However, these can be considered to be taken out of context. The dilemma thats causing the real reduce here is Is what youre asking for what you want for yourself or is it what you believe God wants for you? Christians believe that God gave us free will, and if thats the case then He gave it to us for a reason and part of that involves making the decision to follow His path for us or to attempt to forge our own .The Bible says, This is the confidence we have in approaching God that if we ask anything according to His will, He hears us. And if we know that He hears uswhatever we askwe know that we have what we asked of Him (1 John 514 NIV). So if youre following the will of God, then you are surely asking for what God would want for you, and will therefore receive it. In The Alchemist we have the idea that God gives you signs and conspires to help you to find what youre seeking for, but only if youre following your personal legend (or your predetermined path). This aligns neatly with the Puritanical views of predestination and the Christian views of following Gods path thats laid out for you, but it still demonstrates the Universe complying to the law of attraction and giving you what you visualize yourself receiving.Though both novels are demonstrating the law of attraction with equal clarity, because of the different approaches that they took, The Alchemist could be easier for someone com ing from a Christian accentuate (who would normally be opposed to the law of attraction) to accept. Getting caught up on religious specifications and the different titles that people use to define God may be the biggest obstacle holding multitudes of people back from discovering the actual potential that their lives hold. In some cases perhaps its better to separate yourself from religious restrictions that confine and limit your beliefs and allow yourself to be open to new possibilities that present themselves to you. To quote Abraham Lincoln once again, When I do good, I feel good. When I do bad, I feel bad.Thats my religion, this is maybe the approach that more people should be willing to take. As Paolo Coelho shows in his novel, it is entirely possible to believe in following the will of God and to have the law of attraction work in your favor to help you achieve it. It all relies on your perception of how you view your life and how you choose to bring about what you want from it. One of Eleanor Roosevelts most well-known quotes is, Life is what you make it. Always has been, always will be and this peal true in every aspect. The key to achieving real success in your life is to clearly define what you want and to appreciate the things that you have. Ultimately it all comes have to you. William Ernest Henley wrote it best in the concluding lines of his poem, Invictus I am the Master of my fateI am the Captain of my soul.There is no herecy in accepting your God-given right as a human being to decide on the path that you wish to walk and know that no matter which way you choose, always hold off a clear visualization of your end goal in mind, and be grateful for every step that you are able to take.Byrne, Rhonda. The Secret. New York Simon & Shuster, 2006.Coelho, Paulo. The Alchemist. New York HarperCollins, 1993.New International Version. Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1986

English Proficiency

Yakushko, O. (2010). Clinical work with limited English progression clients A phenomenological exploration. passe-partout Psychology Research and Practice, 41, 449-455. doi10. 1037/a0020996 This interrogation article foc calld on therapists perceptions of clinical and personal characteristics and contextual factors that may influence mental health service delivery to limited English proficiency (LEP) clients through and through illustrations. Particularly, this study attempted to understand these factors by exploring the lived experiences of clinicians who start out worked with LEP individuals through translators.Analysis of the data collected provided two recurring themes that revolved around the personality and teaching of both therapist and interpreter. Based on the findings of this research, the author suggested consideration of clinical care for LEP clients, who may be inadvertently marginalised from effective psychotherapeutic intervention, would demonstrate a commitment to social justice. The study under review clearly meets the criteria for qualitative research for the purpose of understanding a complex issue in greater detail as suggested by Liamputtong (2009).Related essay Causes of Failure in English LanguageLiamputtong (2009) remarked that an understanding of the components and contextual issues could only be achieved by having direct communication with people who have lived the experience the researcher sought to investigate. The author states that the phenomenological study sought to contribute to understanding these factors by examining the lived experiences of eight therapists skilled in running(a) with LEP individuals through interpreters. Clearly, one of the strengths of the use of the phenomenological structure is the acceptability of a small number of participants under investigation, which were eight in this case.Further, this methodological framework afforded the researcher to collapse the data thematically, which identified iss ues that centred on personality and training of both therapists and interpreters. One of the points, supported by evidences and clearly communicated to readers, is that similar to the characteristics central to describing a skilled therapist, the interpreter is not just a mere translator, but an active member of a psychotherapy team whose skill in multicultural issues, mental health training and therapeutic processes, and personality may affect the success f mental health services delivered to LEP individuals through an interpreter. The author though attempted to prevail on _or_ upon readers of reflexivity, by mentioning the attention given to the search for disconfirming evidence and negative case analysis, however no clarification of this effort was given in some(prenominal) part of the report. Nevertheless, peer debriefers were involved in the study to attend to issues of researcher subjectivity and biases, and researchers interpretation of data was also subjected to member che cking.Further studies mess employ the four kinds of triangulation, namely multiple method, theories, data or source, and researchers, as pointed out by Liamputtong (2009), to underpin the dependability of the findings of this study. Representative rigour was achieved through the discriminate use of purposive sampling technique, which identified participants who have lived experiences of work with LEP clients through interpreters.Particular attention was paid to selection criteria, to ensure that therapists, though with general clinical expertise, have in the midst of a fledgling and expert level experience working with LEP individuals. This would guarantee that consideration about the therapeutic process in working with LEP clients through translators were unconnected to being a beginner clinician. Other factors considered, such as level of professional training, language and culture of origin were also crucial in ensuring a fit between participant selection, methodology, theoret ical framework and research purpose.In considering the studys interpretative rigour, a broader understanding gained from the turn up of the findings lend toleration to the result of a similar scholarly work conducted by Miller, Martel, Pazdirek, Caruth, and Lopez (2005) which highlighted the impact of the interpreters role in therapeutic alliance, the management of and challenges that may result from the triadic clinical relationship (of the therapist, interpreter and client), and training of both clinician and interpreter.Overall, this research achieved a measure of theoretical and methodological rigour by establishing a fit between the research purpose of exploring factors that contribute to delivering successful clinical care to LEP individuals from the clinicians perspective and the use of phenomenological approach to examine the embodied experiences of these clinicians in greater detail, through the use of semi-structured and open-ended interviews. References Liamputtong, P. (2009).Qualitative research methods (3rd ed. ). Oxford Oxford University Press. Miller, K. , Martel, Z. , Pazdirek, L. , Caruth, M. , & Lopez, D. (2005). The role of interpreters in psychotherapy with refugees An exploratory study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75, 27-39. Yakushko, O. (2010). Clinical work with limited English proficiency clients A phenomenological exploration. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 41, 449-455. doi10. 1037/a0020996

Descriptive Example Essay

While working in a fine dining restaurant, I got to sample many of the best foods Ive ever tasted in my life. Working in a restaurant of any kind is hard work from start to finish. I apply to say, If Ive walked ane step today, Ive walked a thousand. My feet would feel like they were going fall off. Heavy plates, customer satisfaction and perfection of plate entry were all stresses that a server would have to deal with in a night, just to name a few. I have to say though that one of the things that made it all worthwhile was a meal made especially for you by the Chef. It didnt matter how tired he was after his night, our Chef showed his appreciation to us by feeding us something off menu, something creative. He would come out of that kitchen just as proud as a child at what he created, no matter what it was. He never made anything less than perfect.I will never forget the kitchen with something that was so heavenly, so decadent that the memory of it is sculpted in my memory forev er. The aroma hit us before we ever byword it, intoxicating. I assumed that it smelled so beautiful because I was famished. Then we saw it, simultaneous gasps came from all of the servers. He called it Boursin Stuffed Filet, short name that was not short on character.This was not just any filet mignon, this was art. A 12 apothecaries ounce grilled filet perfectly juicy, stuffed with Boursin Cheese, wrapped in applewood smoked bacon. Resting atop creamed potatoes and topped with a demi glace and grilled edible asparagus. Sounds simple? Looks can be deceiving.The here and now I cut into mine it was like an out of body experience. The filet was 12 ounces of the finest cut of beef tenderloin available anywhere. It is the opinion of any spacious Chef that a filet be prepared rare, as was this one perfectly blue-red in the core and brazed at its perimeter. When you cut into it the Boursin, a soft cheese exchangeable to cream cheese with a light hint of garlic, oozed out to mingle wit h the creamed potatoes. With every bite you had the smokiness of the applewood smoked bacon with a hint of creamy garlic. The demi glace and asparagus rounded everything out with an elegant richness which cannot be described but only experienced. I took my time with every decadent bite, knowing that our Chef truly did love life food.How else could someone create magic with simple ingredients found in every grocery in the city. That experience still haunts me to this day. I dont call up anything can live up to it. That Boursin Stuffed Filet will always be an apparition of what food can be.

PTLLS Assignment 1: Roles and Responsibilities in the Teaching Cycle

1. Describe what your role, responsibilities and boundaries would be as a instructor in terms of the direction/training cycle.My role as a teacherIn her book Preparing to teach in the Lifelong Learning sector 2011 (P9), Ann Gravells explains that Your primary(prenominal) role as a teacher should be to teach your subject in a way that actively involves and engages your students during every session. Beyond this, my role as a teacher of business management extends to firstly being an exemplar of good management practice, behaviour and persuade.I would pauperism to be a positive degree role model to my students in interpersonal relationships, organisation, time management, leadership and other aspects of the role of a manager. My role as a teacher to a fault extends to creating a positive, safe and encouraging inclusive learning environment that provides opportunity for learner collaboration and co-operation. My role is not just didactic but facilitative in enabling learning. My role would be ongoing in identifying barriers to learning whether academic, personal or otherwise.I would then apply appropriate interventions to sustentation the learner in overcoming such barriers, with due regard for the professional boundaries of the role. Ultimately, my role is to successfully motivate and donjon my learners to attain their management qualification. Responsibilities throughout the stages of the teaching method / training cycle The teaching / training cyle is in five stages 1. Identify needs 2. Plan and design 3. Facilitate / deliver 4. Assess 5. EvaluateAt each of the five stages of the teaching / training cycle there ar many responsibilities countered by applicable boundaries. Responsibilities and boundaries in identifying learning needs At Stage 1, identifying learning needs, the process starts with the prospects eligibility for the training. This may be in terms of their academic ability in being able to achieve the Management qualification or in their background and experience in being able to apply the learning. My responsibility would be to explain the entry equirements and assesment criteria to any prospective students. Eligibility in terms of funding and other issues unconnected with the get across itself might be addressed by the Course Administrator and would therefore be a demarcation boundary. Course dates and issues nigh availability would be part of my responsibilities, as I would need to ensure that I maximise attendance and provide timings and dates that were feasible and appropriate. otherwise responsibilities would be in assessing the needs of the students prior to the learning.I would allow, in any pre-course literature, questions nearly special requirements / reasonable adjustments so that I could make the environment inclusive, safe and learner-friendly. I would withal include a learning styles questionnaire, either VAK (Visual, Auditory, Kinaesthetic) or Honey and Mumford which is based on Kolbs experie ntial learning cycle. I might also include questions around levels of understanding / experience in the management argonna. This information would then inform the development of course materials that provideed for the range of learning styles and differentiation in learners abilities.I would also be responsible for arranging suitable accommodation for the training including a classroom layout conducive to learning and the resources necessary to support the course materials. In management training it may be appropriate to have PowerPoint presentations, case studies and management DVDs. In terms of working within boundaries at this stage I would need to ensure that timings, dates and literature were in symmetry with diversity and equality policies and did not exclude potential candidates.I would also need to ensure the safe-keeping and confidentiality of anything dislosed in the completed pre-course questionnaires. Responsibilities and boundaries in planning and designing At Stage 2 , Planning and designing, my responsibilities would include reviewing the needs questionnaires to prepare and design the course. If the course was new, I would need to look into the internet, consult management books and theory and source materials from colleagues. I might also purchase appropriate support materials such as management styles questionnaires, DVDs etc.If the course was an existing one, I would review the course content to ensure that it was inclusive, contextualised to the learners experience, compatible with the learning styles of the learners and at an appropriate academic level to both meet legal opinion criteria and meet the varying learning needs of the learners. If necessary, I would need to tailor the course providing additional support for the differing academic levels of the learners I might consult informal verifiers or other colleagues to ensure that my course content was appropriate and engaging for the learners.I have a good deal piloted courses to te st their effectiveness. My responsibilities at this stage also include preparing aims, objectives, lesson plans, schemes of work and judgments. I would also need to design flipcharts, posters and handouts. The boundaries at this stage include budgetary and time constraints which may affect the quality of the course materials. I must also again make any reasonable adjustments with materials e. g. font size on handouts / PowerPoint presentations adjusted to meet the needs of learners with a visual impairment. I once had to recruit a signer for a deaf learner.I must also ensure that my materials do not breach copy even off and licencing requirements. Responsibilities and boundaries in facilitating and delivering learning At Stage 3, facilitating and delivering the learning my responsibilities are extensive. Using my personal presence, presonal example, charisma and tools such as ground rules, I need to bring out the right first impression to ensure that my learners are aware of their responsibilities within the learning environment. I try to create an environment of support, collaboration and mutual respect.I am responsible for ensuring inclusivity of the learners and celebrating their diversity. I have a duty of care in respect of my learners and should get advice and guidance from my fellow professionals in areas I am diffident of. The environment should be in accordance with Health and arctic requirements allowing free movement and access, no trip hazards, safe, tested electrical equipment. I need to create a psychologically safe environment without intimidation or disrespect. I would do this by challenging inappropriate behaviour and encouraging positive behaviour.I could also refer learners back to the ground rules. Depending on the learning needs / progress of individuals I might need to adapt and target some separate of the course content. I need to minimise jargon and adapt my language and style to the needs of the participants. I need to create opport unities for networking, self-development and experimentation. I must also be aware of any perceived or real barriers to learning and make appropriate interventions. To do this I would confer with teaching assistants or in camera discuss any issues directly with learners.My presentation style should be engaging, motivational inspirational and thought-provoking. I should keep the necessary records to evidence learner attendance and attainment. My exercises should cater for the varying learning styles of the group. I can employ the assistance of other professionals such as teaching assistants to provide learners with any learning / motivational support or personal care. This is another area of demarcation for the teacher. If there are personal issues creating barriers to learning, then I should know the boundaries of my responsibilities and when to refer to other professional bodies.Other boundaries would include maintaining a professional distance and not becoming too familiar with l earners. The use of personal email addresses, personal mobiles numbers and social networking sites would draw the boundaries of professional conduct. I should also be careful not to favour individual learners or discriminate or exclude learners adhering at all quantify to diversity and equality requirements / policies. I should maintain confidentiality, agreed as part of the ground rules. Records should be kept safe and confidential. Responsibilities and boundaries in assessingAt Stage 4, Assessing, my responsibilities are to set appropriate assessments that comply with the criteria set by the examining board. I also need to comply with any requirements / adjustments advised by the external and internal verifiers. I have a responsibility to ensure that assessments are accessible, with any reasonable adjustments made. I need to ensure that any examinations are conducted appropriately in accordance with guidelines set by the examining board. I need to ensure objectivity, equality an d fairness in my grading and score of assignments.I also need to complete my marking in a timely manner to ensure that learners receive feedback as soon as possible. Feedback on assigments would be written or vebral if additional support was required. Feedback should be constructive, balanced, supportive and helpful. I need to follow the correct procedures for referring or failing students that do not meet the assessment criteria. I should ensure that assessment records are captured correctly and stored safely, ensuring confidentiality. The responsibility areas outlined above illustrate the boundaries that must be adhered to data protection, confidentiality, bjectivity, equality and fairness. Responsibilities and boundaries in evaluating Stage 5 is evaluation. As a teacher I need to review the course once it has concluded. Evaluation methodology employed might include post-course questionnaires, budgetary analysis, return on investiture exercise, outputs from exercises and assessme nts, teacher observation, reflective diaries, peer observation, feedback from external and internal verifiers and ultimately the assessment results. I should analyse what went well and what needs to be improved.Boundaries at this stage would be my ability to be objective and barriers to receiving / accepting feedback. 2. Identify the key aspects of current legislative requirements and codes of practice relevant to your subject and the type of organisation within which you would resembling to work. In my former role as a trainer in the Civil Service, I was subject to the Official Secrets Act, the Civil Service code of conduct and to various HR policies. These governed my personal behaviour towards others, my integrity and my professionalism. Failure to comply might lead to grievances, disciplinary procedures and employment tribunals.In her book Preparing to teach in the Lifelong Learning sector 2011 (P9), Ann Gravells lists codes of practice and legislation relevant to the training arena. I have considered their relevance to my role and subject area. Code of Professional exercise 2008 by the Institute for Learning is a useful guide as to how teachers should behave and the professional boundaries that they should work within. This code covers such areas as integrity, respect, care, practice, disclosure and responsibility. right of first publication Designs and Patents Act 1988 I would need to ensure that the support materials used did not breach this legislation.I would need to acquire permission or purchase licences for relevant work that I wished to use. Data Protection Act 2003 this governs the type of data kept about my students, information held should be restricted to what is relevant for my purposes and role. Data should be up-to-date and accurate. This also governs the security of information. Confidentiality and safe keeping being of the utmost importance. Equality Act 2010 this legislation was designed to protect individuals from unfair treatment and diversity and advance equality of opportunity.It protects individuals on the grounds of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, age, disability and sexual orientation. As a teacher I should be aware of my own prejudices and ensure that I do not exclude, discriminate or treat unfairly any of the learners in any way that contravenes this act. Further to the Equality Act, there are often organisational policies relating to Diversity which means that as a teacher I should accept and celebrate the diversity of the learners, enabling and valuing the contributions of individuals.Freedom of Information Act 2000 this legislation is around the rights of the public to information held by authorities. This information could be anything that might be in the public interest to know. The public therefore includes the learners. As a teacher I need to ensure that any records kept are accurate and relevant and contain nothing that I would not wish the learners to see.. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 relates to the responsibility of everyone in the workplace to take responsibility for ensuring the workplace is healthy and safe.As a teacher I would need to be aware of my responsibilities and ensure that learners are aware of their responsibilities. Responsibilities include interventions to rectify issues e. g. removing a trip hazard. Reporting accidents and near misses is another responsibility. Aslo reporting any issues that you are unable to address yourself. I would also add the requirement for a Public Performance Licence. This would be held by the organisation you work for. If you play put down music or music videos in public including radio or TV you are legally required to have a PPL licence.

Principles of Ecotourism

Introduction Definition of sustainability. Briefly mentions environmental, experiential, socio-cultural and sparing sustainability in relation to ecotourism. Environmental sustainability splendour of environmental sustainability in managing ecotourism and examples of impacts Strategies for achieving sustainability and how they are applied Experiential sustainability Importance of experiential sustainability in managing ecotourism and examples of impacts Strategies for achieving sustainability and how they are applied Socio-cultural sustainabilityImportance of socio-cultural sustainability in managing ecotourism and examples of impacts Strategies for achieving sustainability and how they are applied Economic sustainability Importance of economic sustainability in managing ecotourism and examples of impacts Strategies for achieving sustainability and how they are applied Conclusion Introduction Environmental sustainability Importance of environmental sustainability *Strategies* for a chieving environmental sustainabilityAccommodating for hundreds of visitants has disadvantages for a site if the wildlife or botany isnt capable to withstand an change magnitude level of exposure. Thats why hardening of a site allows that sites carrying capacity to be make upd e. g. pit toilets, poster walks and but still limiting number to ensure minimal impact of that site. The Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in Tasmania, Australia, have installed board walks along the track for the concerns of environmental degradation and overcrowding.The boarded sections are established in sensitive areas in the national park with signifi finisht importance for an ecosystem. The softening of a site refers to soil replacement and replanting of native vegetation to rehabilitate the site as much as possible. There are many businesses that were built with rattling low levels of impact, because of the extensive research done before the construction of their building. The Couran Cove Resort in Queensland assessed the area for their asylum before construction and removed the native vegetation, be after to replant them after the completion of facilities.A number of environmental measures were put in place during the construction of the resort, such as installation of solar supply cabins, identification and mapping of significant trees, strategies to manage acid sulphate soils, and an integrated water management system. As a result of many of these management strategies, the resort has become an industry leader in environmentally sensitive technologies. Visitation quotas and fees are a clever strategy to maintain a high tax flow for the protected area and continue appropriate management.Zoning and site hardening influence visitation levels in specified areas, so these factors are considered when implementing fees and quotas. The overall number of visitors can be limited through the imposition of quotas and user fees quotas are formal restrictions on visitor n umbers and user fees (entry fees and other fees) increase the latter until visitor demand falls below the carrying capacity threshold. Mt Buffalo National Park in Victoria, Australia charges entry fees for visitors, whether camping or merely visiting. These fees are put towards managing the park, including regular maintenance of provided facilities.There are methods to restricting and allowing appropriate viewing or access of wildlife by providing information and bringing up to tourists intercommunicate users about the recreational resource and current level of use. Making the users more sensitive to the potential impacts their behaviours might have on the environment is an effective expressive style to make them aware. Experiential sustainability Importance of experiential sustainability The experience of the tourist is important to be aware of to evaluate the sustainability in the way it is implemented.People learn intermit when they are actively involved in the learning proc ess and use as many senses as appropriate. Interpretation is effective way to educate tourists because it whole caboodle with the visitors rather than against them. Such techniques include visitor centres, education centres, displays and exhibits, self-guided trails and guided tours. These techniques are strategies to inform tourists of the natural environment to which they participate in, to help understand the importance of sustainably managing activities in a site. Strategies for achieving experiential sustainabilitySocio-cultural sustainability Importance of socio-cultural sustainability Socio-cultural sustainability of ecotourism relates to the stability of social and cultural systems, including the wellbeing of local and indigenous communities. Their involvement is important for tourism to be successful and unique. It is a significant contribution to ecotourisms global following. Socio-cultural and economic sustainability are linked together to also facilitate the wellbeing a nd satisfaction of visitors. Strategies for achieving socio-cultural sustainabilityEconomic sustainability Importance of economic sustainability Economic sustainability is associated with socio-cultural sustainability relating to the stability of social and cultural systems, including the wellbeing of local communities. The impacts of economics in local communities include start-up expenses (acquisition of land, establishment of protected areas, superstructure, and infrastructure), ongoing expenses (maintenance of infrastructure, promotion, and wages), gross uncertainties, and revenue leakage due to imports and non-local participation.Examples of positive aspects of economics include direct transaction, improvement of transportation and communication systems negative aspects of economics include no local utilisationment opportunities, and leakages may be high. Establishing a protected area requires lots of expenses to be able to maintain the environment sustainably. The developmen t of buildings and infrastructure such as visitor centres and toilets require regular maintenance, which means there needs to be fair to middling income to retain a standard quality.Employing staff can be limited when notes is scarce, maybe even overworking employees. For example, the Cape Otway Centre for saving Ecology in the Great Otway National Park is an ecotourism operation that was established in 2004. The owners of the Conservation Centre opened the business to become involved in conservation projects and research biodiversity conservation. When opening the operation, the owners budget was limited and was unable to employ enough staff to keep up with the daily routine activities such as delivering service to guests and running of education programs.Their only choice was to employ enough to manage the business and providing the services themselves. *Strategies for achieving economic *sustainability Economic sustainability relates to the income of an operation or protected area to maintain the natural environment or site. Such income can come from user fees (publics willingness to pay), taxation (sales tax, accommodation tax) and donations (lack of resources or money for endangered species). Earth Sanctuaries is a company that operates a network of privately-owned sanctuaries, set up with the aim of conserving native wildlife species.The company has eradicated exotic species from all of its properties, and has erected fencing that excludes feral animals from each sanctuary. To fund its conservation efforts, the company offers a mix of ecotourism products including accommodation, tours, and an environmental education program. These products are managed to provide the ongoing profit needed to run the sanctuaries, and to provide dividends to the companys shareholders. Conclusion Sustainable tourism is important to be mightily managed when utilising the natural environment.The four components of sustainability are environmental, experiential, socio-cultu ral and economic sustainability, each is critical principle for achieving ecotourism. Each component is linked to another and one cannot function well without the others. Ecotourism is knotty to be completely sustainable for the natural environment, but can be managed to minimise low impact. This is done by the four components between each they act with one anothers resources to appropriate management the natural environment linking together to facilitate the wellbeing of local communities. References

Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev

Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev During the discussion, several articles were presented to the class. The subjects brought to light were the Russian economy during the 1850s, vassalage, and the question of whether Turgenev was obsolete or not. The articles on the Russian economy explained the state of transition the Russian economy was in during the mid-1850s. Prior to this period, there were members of the society called serfs. These were essentially slaves who worked on the field of rich peasants, or the upper class.However, at this time Russia began to move away from serfdom. After this discussion, it would appear Turgenev places great importance on the time, place, and culture of his novel, as serfdom and the existence of social classes are a predominant feature in Fathers and Sons. I found this discussion interesting, as it clarified some aspects of the novel. For example, in Fathers and Sons, Nikolai is a relatively well off land owner, and he owns many serfs.However, as the system begins to evolve, the serfs and their owners have some trouble adjusting to the new system of land ownership. The serfs are misbehaved and irresponsible, and these aspects of the culture and context form the setting of the novel. The article on the Turgenev Question was interesting as well, because it highlighted some of Turgenevs techniques, and what hes famous for. correspond to the article, the art of Turgenev is in understatement he manages to capture large philosophical, social, and historical movements as manifested in everyday life.This can indeed be seen in Fathers and Sons. Turgenev paints a calculate of commonplace Russian life with characters like Nikolai Arkady, Pavel, Bazarov and Fenichka, using barely any overly dramatic devices. Yet, through the characters thoughts and interactions with each other Turgenev explores ideas such as familial relationships. Furthermore, he portrays other aspects of Russian life, including the wide gap between social classes and t he idea of young people rejecting all authorities.

Voyeurism notes

Video voyeurism is a relatively red-hot detestation that involves the use of telecasting cameras in public argonas to record underneath womens robes. Recently, several courts have determined that this orchestrate of voyeurism is non covered under existing criminal statutes dealing with voyeurism. This paper examines current statutes relating to voyeurism to determine if these truths are adequate or If new legislation Is required to combat video voyeurism.Some of the areas covered Include the reputation of video voyeurism, challenges faced by law enforcement, and the challenges faced by makers attempting to write legislation which will distinctly criminality the behavior. The old crime of the Peeping Tom has advanced, through the use of technology, to be follow a crime that Is so reconcile of the art that police, prosecutors, and legislators are having a hard time keeping ill-use (Pope, 1999).Recently, criminal voyeurs have taken advantage of the ever decreasing size of vi deo and photographic equipment to facilitate and expand the scope of their criminal actively. Today, ii forms of video voyeurism have become so commonplace that they have received nicknames in the awe enforcement community of interests upsetting and downsizing. These forms of voyeurism involve using a video camera in order to photograph underneath the clothing of women in public places. A voyeur takes a shopping bag and places a s centre video recording device inside the bag catameniaing upward.He then goes to a shopping mall and waits near the fundament of an escalator. When a woman wearing a skirt gets on the escalator he steps on behind her. He sets the shopping bag down on the step underneath her skirt so the video cording device is pointed up her skirt and turns it on. A voyeur who wants to participate in downsizing heads to the same mall and stands on the top appal looking down. When a woman wearing a revealing blouse walks by on a lower floor the perpetrator simply zooms in on the womans cleavage.The vantage point from the upper level of the mall gives the voyeur a better viewpoint from which to record the breasts of the woman below. such innovative invasions of privacy go far beyond that of yesterdays Peeping Tom whose crime was generally limited to looking into sidelines, and did not involve the making of a permanent video record. The damage Inflicted by perpetrators of video voyeurism goes much that in view of the ease with which homemade video recordings and photos can be uploaded and distributed via the Internet.A Google search of the impairment upstart and downspouts on the Internet can return literally millions of hits. Voyeurism notes By chrysanthemum voyeurism to determine if these laws are adequate or if new legislation is required to combat video voyeurism. Some of the areas covered include the nature of video come a crime that is so state of the art that police, prosecutors, and legislators are having a hard time keeping pace (Pope, 1999).Recently, criminal voyeurs have taken facilitate and expand the scope of their criminal activities. Today, two forms of video law enforcement community upsetting and downsizing. These forms of participate in downsizing heads to the same mall and stands on the top floor inflicted by perpetrators of video voyeurism goes much further in view of the ease via the Internet. A Google search of the terms upstart and downspouts on the

Labor Negotiations Essay

Many times, the process of collective talk terms agreement (CBA) negotiations is referred to as beingness an art. Although it is control by various prod laws and there argon multitudes of theories that claim to have established best practices in the field, e actu solelyy negotiation simply has too many unique variables to consider to ever be approached as anything much(prenominal) than an art. Even in the short span in which new negotiations ar required to overstep an updated contract, too many changing factors on some(prenominal) sides of the table be apt to make the extrapolation of iodine bargaining scenario to the next inefficient and ineffective. in that location is no one-size-fits all approach. What worked best in one character could potentially fail with dire consequences in another.To attempt to define, or stock-still identify a unified component to the process would be futile. People, personalities, economics, demographics, policy and law argon not static, n or are needs, wants, c one timepts, trends or priorities. legerdemain and intimidation during negotiations is commonplace, and unfortunately sometimes holds more relevancy than fact. For these reasons,it is important for weary negotiators to be able to forecast the worst, unless hope to ultimately achieve a best case scenario. The final, ratified contract is employ to both parties, and hopefully in the end, it represents what is best for all involved. There are many potential stakeholders depending on the industry, barely in the case of the community of benignant Ridge, it is the students and that ultimately have the most to lose. This can intimately be forgotten when bargaining teams self-interests take hold.Deciding on the appropriate bargaining techniques and strategies requires a real well-thought out, careful approach. Whatever approach is used has to take into account the past, current and future needs of both parties, and has to be based on an accurate analysis of ex ternal and internal data, as well as governmental considerations. Successful negotiators must be adaptable and flexible in their thought processes and behaviors, and must be willing to compromise as situational needs dictate. As several different personality types compete and interact, even within the confines of one bargaining team, negotiations can be a very daunting process. in all of this is important to keep in mind as we examine and analyze the case of the community of Pleasant Ridge.Bargaining StrategyA bargaining strategy should only if be determined once all of the relevant, factual information has been reviewed. That is not to say a strategy cannot be changed depending on circumstances once negotiations begin, but it is useful to set the tone for negotiations and help insure a mutually understood strategical concept among bargaining team members. Recent labor relations practice has moved away from traditional adversarial bargaining, or zero-sum bargaining, and has focu sed more on interest-based bargaining, or win-win bargaining. According to Cutcher-Gershenfield, A close look at the interest-based experiments in labor relations reveals that adversarial institutional patterns have often been rejected in favor of more collaborative, problem-solving techniques without a full appreciation of the underlying reasons for the establishment of the original institutional patterns. (1996, 323). In theory, kind with interest-based bargaining is presumed to be agreement of the parties to a ratified contract that both can live with (Kearney, 209, 134) not winning in the sense that one partyultimately prevails over the other on any occurrence issue. In the case of Pleasant Ridge, there is no single reason to preclude interest-based bargaining as an effective strategy.As the Pleasant Ridge board of Education ( maturate) and the Pleasant Ridge Classroom T apieceers insure (PRCTA) commence negotiations over a new CBA, it is important to note that both parties are in a relatively good position. From a fiscal standpoint, the school is doing well. scholar enrollment is increasing, local property revenues are increasing and State Revenues are expected to increase for the upcoming school year. While none of these items are guaranteed, barring any unexpected national, state or local semipolitical catastrophes, short-term projections should remain pretty accurate and consistent. This may place the Board at a slight disadvantage during negotiations when considering ability to pay, particularly considering the PRCTA social stations apparent adversarial position. It serves to underscore the richness of the Board to sincerely attempt to negotiate a finalized contract during the premiere steps of the process. In comparing lucres, hours and working conditions, the PRCTA is not far off when it is reviewed against comparable to(predicate) teachers confederations. Even when considering labor markets that are competitive in the pertinacious r un, however, the over-all analysis should include information about employer attributes because labor markets do not adjust instantaneously (Eberts and Stone, 1985, 274).The consequences of ignoring district-specific information are potentially serious, according to Eberts and Stone (1985, 274). To push an employer into economic oblivion as the result of unrealistic contract demands could have disastrous consequences for all involved. While the memberships concerns are very important, they must keep in mind their best interests in finalizing a contract with hardly a(prenominal) to no concessions speedily. It is up to the PRCTA to educate their members on the long term affects their present actions may have. Additionally, in a world of economic uncertainty and increasing demand for education reform, the PRCTA is better suited to act quickly so that commonplace image and political forces have less likelihood of effecting policy change forwards they have a ratified contract. A rat ified contract provides strong protections for union members against ever-changing political forces.Bargaining Position of the Board campaign negotiations can be a strategic nightmare fraught with competing priorities and concerns from every affected player. For the community of Pleasant Ridge, the primary considerations of the Board and the PRCTA during negotiations will predominantly revolve more or less advancing self-interests, whether they impact external stakeholders or not. That is an almost inherent aspect of the process. Public and political sentiment may or may not be secondarily considered, and will certainly be impacted, but those concerns typically do not guide the negotiations process. Kerchner and Koppich argue in their article, Negotiating What Matters Most Collective Bargaining and Student Achievement, that it is in the public interest for teacher unions and school districts to negotiate student achievement goals even though neither may want to do so. (2007). Whi le morally laudable, realistically this will most plausibly never happen outside of the legal environment, and is way beyond the scope of this analysis. Contract length could be the most important protection the Board could achieve.A 2 year contract would be very undecomposed for the Board, because it removes the dangers of devising accurate pecuniary projections too far in the future. It would also allow the Board more flexibility in bargaining positions that are tied to economics because they would not be invested in a lengthy contract should political or economic factors significantly change. Aside from a two year contract, the Board should support a 3% raise the first year of the contract, and a 3% raise the second year, conditioned on the promise of the PRCTA memberships public support for the upcoming millage. This would get the PRCTA membership very close, if not above, a competitive market salary within their own comparable communities at a relatively quick rate, while bolstering the financial position of the Board to be able to employ future contractual raises should the millage be approved. Additionally, the Board will not incur all of the increased cost of implementing the salary increases all in one year, making it more palatable for the school district in general, while not simultaneously rendering the budget unsustainable.The Board should also support agreement to dish out tenure in the 3rd year on the condition of the elimination of the one year wage payout provision. Not only does this achieve comparability within the comparable community context, it serves as a immense future economic win for the Board. In the event layoffs become necessary, the burden of paying out a years salary toany tenured teachers would be an undeniable savings should the school district experience tough economic times. Since decreasing the phase size to 25 would increase the number of teachers required, it would be more fiscally responsible for the board to lea ve this item status quo.The Board could add an amendment allowing for the hiring of teachers aides should the classroom population exceed 25, but it shouldnt be an initial position. If push comes to stuff and this single item becomes a deal-breaker, the Board and the PRCTA could revisit the issue at 27 students, as long as an agreement could be achieved with a provision requiring no additional teachers or classroom space. There is no guarantee that the student population will continue to increase, so agreeing to this item could have causeless financial consequences later. It is never outside the realm of reality that one teachers salary could designate the difference between balancing and not balancing the budget.Reasonable Settlement for the UnionIn determine the reasonableness of a settlement for the PRCTA, several factors should be considered. Typically, wages are at the forefront of union demands, and the fact that the Board is willing to raise salaries to levels above the co mparable communities the PRCTA selected should speak volumes. That alone may be decorous to achieve ratification. In addition, the PRCTA needs to consider the effects of having an justice decide their fate. If the Board is being reasonable in their proposal, there is no reason to chance the final decisions in the hands of an individualistic who may or may not agree with position of the PRCTA. The Board has not requested concessions, comparable wages have been beared, and other positions lean toward the comparable communities of the union. In a fact-finding or arbitrament scenario, the Board would doubtlessly be able to find comparable communities supporting their position. According to Crawford, final offer arbitrations distinguishing feature is that it threatens bargainers with a settlement determined by the relative desirability to the arbitrator of their final offers. This creates incentives for bargainers to move their final offers closer to what they think the arbitrator w ants, even if they are uncertain of his wishes (1981, 207). In the Pleasant Ridge scenario, the position of the Board is more than reasonable, and should ultimately be accepted as such by the PRCTA, rather than advancing to fact-finding or final offerarbitration. Fact-FindingThe consequences of stand are evident in the amount of private and public resources spent on civil litigation, the costs of labor unrest, the psychic and pecuniary wounds of domestic strife, and in clashes among religious, ethnic and regional groups. (Babcock, Lowesenstein, 1997, 326) Should the parties reach impasse and the matter be referred to fact-finding, the Fact-Finder should make a recommendation based on the school districts current and project future financial position (ability to pay), the current political environment as far as public education policy is concerned, and to a lesser extent, should consider the proposals in comparison to those of comparable communities. In making a settlement recommen dation, the Fact-Finder should find the initial position of the Board to be quite consistent with that of the PRCTA, as well as quite generous and reasonable. It is almost certain that a Fact-Finder would agree with the Boards position on wages and tenure.It is reasonable to think that he or she would agree on tenure, but possibly decrease rather than eliminate the year of salary payout, unless they considered a layoff situation a financial hardship. If the Board could successfully present that as a business case, a Fact-Finder may agree. With regard to class size, a three to five student decrease should not present a significant enough business case to cause the school district to absorb an increase in additional breeding salaries and roll-up costs. A Fact-Finder should support that item as remaining status-quo. Final Offer ArbitrationThe board would undoubtedly have to go to arbitration to remove the politics of implementing a contract from their hands should the parties not be a ble to reach a settlement. With two of the board members being labor union members, and three endorsed by the Pleasant Ridge Central Labor Union (PRCLU), not going to arbitration would be political suicide. As demonstrated in previous board elections, two members lost to candidates who were endorsed by the PRCLU, showing the capacity that the PRCLU exhibits. Having a neutral party force a contract on both sides would be the only political out the Board members would have. In a final offer settlement package, it is of the utmost importance that both parties consider the mostdesirable benefits that could be achieved, and tailor the final offer package around those.Prioritization of issues is significant, as well as is reasonableness. In the final offer package, it would be incumbent on the Board to submit lower contractual wage increases, potentially to 2% each year of a biennial contract, with class size and tenure remaining status quo, with the elimination of the one-year wage pay out provision. For the PRCTA, it would be beneficial to package a deal containing a 5 year contract with 2% wage increases for each year of the contract. Considering they really have nothing to lose since concessions arent being considered, they should also incorporate the lessen class size of 25 students, and tenure to reflect the 3 year comparable. Even if the arbitrator sides with the Board, the PRCTA hasnt lost anything besides the one-year payout provision. Likely, that is something that will affect very few of the current members.REFERENCESBabcock, L., & Loewenstein, G. (1997). Explaining bargaining impasse The role of self-serving biases. Advances in behavioral economics, 326. Crawford, V.P. (1981), Arbitration and Conflict Resolution in Labor-Management Bargaining. The American scotch Review. 71(2). Papers and Proceedings of the Ninety-Third Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association. 205-210. Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J. (1996). Bargaining Over How to Bargain in Labor -Management Negotiations. Negotiation journal, 10(4), 323-335. Retrieved on March 22, 2014 from http//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1571-9979.1994.tb00032.x/abstract. Eberts, R.W. and Stone, J.A. (1985), Wages, Fringe Benefits, and Working Conditions An Analysis of Compensating Differentials. Southern Economic Journal. 52(1). 274-280. Kearney, R.C., Labor Relations in the Public Sector, Fourth Edition. CRC Press. 381. Kerchner, C.T. and Koppich, J.E. (2007). Negotiating What Matters Most Collective Bargaining and Student Achievement. American Journal of Education. 113(3). 349-365. Retrieved on March 22, 2014 from http//www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/512736. Walton, R. E. (1994). Strategic negotiations A theory of change in labor-management relations. Harvard Business Press.

Kristen Cookie Company Essay

Yes. If Kristen and roomie dirty dog exactly do their own job, the max coiffure(order by order) they tolerate surgery is 8 orders a night. But if they dismiss cross-training, would 1. Receive order print and reply roomy 1 minute/order Mix ingredients Kristen 6 minutes /max 3trays Spooning cookies onto tray Kristen 2 minutes/tray Cookies in oven roommate 10 minutes/tray Cool down cookies Roommate 5 minutes/tray Pack Roommate 2 minutes/tray Accept payment Roommate 1 minute/order 2.(1) Spooning cookies onto tray Cookies in oven(If detect a 2-dozens order) While Kristen is spooning cookies onto tray, the first tray she finished can send to roommate to put into oven. At the immoral time, Kristen can spoon the second tray. (2) (If receive a 2-dozens order) While cooling down the first tray of cookies, roommate can put second tray into oven. (3) (If receive a 2-dozens order) After the first tray cool down, can channel directly. At the same time, second tray of cookies should be i n the oven. 3.According to the answer of 1st question shown. So, add together of time to process a dozen of cookies is 27minutes (1+6+2+10+5+2+1=27) 4.(1) If Kristen proceed order by order, will be 8 orders of single dozen per night. 4 hours=240 minutes, 240/27=8.88 orders. (2) If Kristen and roommate can proceed different orders at the same time, that is 240minutes/45 minutes = 5.35.3x2orders =10.6, 10 ordersbe able to process more orders. Example shown below for 4hours performance of Kristen and roommate As the chart shown above, 4 hours of cross-training process can al near complete single dozen orders.6.If Kristen and roommate still process order by order(process one order at one time), buying another oven can except trim down the baking time for 2-dozens order, 2-dozens order(time spend) complete orders in 4 hours one oven 1 + 6 + 2 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 2 + 1 = 37mins 6 two ovens 1 + 6 + 2 + 2 + 10 + 5 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 31mins 7 Thats mean, add another oven can only increase one more 2-dozens order. Therefore, buying another oven is not a good decision.7. interrogate 3 is design to work from order to order, that is, Kristen and roommate have to (1) do their own job, and (2) can only process one order at a time. However, in real life, people will filter hard to combine orders to save the time of process.8.Without labor cost, the ingredients cost and the package cost are add together $0.70. Assume that Kristen and her roommate both receive $10/hour as salary, and receive 15 orders per night. The hail cost will be $90.5 per night, and $6.00 per pack of cookie. One pack of fresh cookies (daily made) sold in food market store is about $3.00-5.00. We can assume that Kristen Cookies Company set their price at $6.00 pack. (Kristen and roommate only earn $10/hour/person as salary) Even though, the cookie Kristen Cookie Company provides is the freshest and most convenience for students. It is very hard to have extra profit. The significant problem that Kristen Cookie Company has is that *The producing process is not efficient. Because they are offering a customization service. If they can limit their product line into fewer categories They can switch their delivery system from projects to job shop .

Comparison of Public Health and Community Health

Comparison of semipublic wellness and partnership wellness The introduction of Public wellness agencies and associations facilitated major improvements to the wellness of the American people through the years. The wellness c be take of the nation fixed changes to these agencies and associations as the nation grew and new diseases, viruses, and bacteria emerged. Public wellness professionals focus on national, state, and county level of research, entropy analysis, and bequeath recommendations for health promotion. Community health professionals bring the data and recommendations identified by the public health professionals to the communities.This paper will focus on the history and development of Public wellness and compare the differences and uniformities in the midst of public and community health agencies. History and Development of Public Health Before the twentieth cytosine few formal public health officials existed, often a member of the upper class fill up the ro le. The growth of public health organizations initially started in the quickly growing port cities along the easterly coast during the late 1800s. People entering from all over the world raised concern for blasting diseases entering the country.Louisiana was the first state to initiate a state board of health in 1855 and by the1880s most states in the union had formed their own boards. Ten health reformers met in saucy York city in 1872 and created of the American Public Health Association (APHA). The main goal of the APHA is to protect all Americans, their families, and their communities from preventable, overserious health threats and strives to assure community-based health promotion and disease prevention activities and preventative health services are universally accessible in the Unite States (American Public Health Association, 2011).In 1798, the unify States Congress had passed the dress for the Relief of Sick and Disabled Seamen to finance the construction and operati on of public hospitals in port cities (Scutchfield & Keck, 2009, p. 15), and this was the source of the Marine Hospital Service. In 1871, John Maynard Woodward was appointed the Supervising Surgeon of the Marine Hospital Service. In 1879, yellow fever spread up the Mississippi Valley beginning in New Orleans, the forlornness this caused lead to the creation of the National Board of Health.The National Board of Health tried to regulate quarantine laws between the states this caused discontent with the states, as quarantine laws were valuable financially and politically. In 1883, the National Board of Health was terminated and the board powers went back to the Marine Hospital Service. In 1912, the Marine Hospital Service became the United States Public Health Service, specifically authorized to investigate the causes and spread of disease and to provide health information to the public (Scutchfield & Keck, 2009, p.15).Between the 1930s and 1944 the United States Public Health Service s added engineers, dentists, research scientists, nurses, and other health dole out specialists to their arsenal. The United States Public Health Service continues today as the U. S. Public Health Service outfit Corps with the mission of protecting and promoting the public health of the Nation and globally to prevent disease, sickness, and suffering (U. S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, 2011).The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) operates under the Department of Health and Human Services. Beginning July 1, 1946 as the Communicable Disease Center the initial focus was controlling Malaria in war areas. The last six decades have seen the CDC grow and include more responsibility to its program. Today, CDC is the nations premier health promotion, prevention, and preparedness agency and a global leader in public health (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010).The CDCs mission is to collaborate to create the expertise, information, and tools that people and communities need to protect their health through health promotion, prevention of disease, injury and disability, and preparedness for new health threats (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). The CDC collaborates with the states and health care administration around the country and abroad to maintain a surveillance system to bedevil disease occurrences.County, State, and National Public Health Resources The goal of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services is to provide protection of citizens health, and to provide services to the needy. Separate agencies focus care on individual needs, such(prenominal) as wellness (family planning, electric razor health, newborn services), safety (abuse & neglect, domestic violence, food protection), disease education (asthma, diabetes, HIV, hepatitis), and suffer services (behavioral health, childcare, child support, Medicaid).The New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (NH DHHS) is the largest agency in N ew Hampshire state government, responsible for the health, safety, and well being of the citizens of New Hampshire (NH DHHS, 2011). New Hampshire DHHS provides services to individuals, children, families, and seniors with programs and services for residents with mental health, developmental disability, substance abuse, and public health. Each county has one or two offices. The Food Stamp Program helps residents brook nutritional needs by providing benefits to buy food at local anesthetic grocery stores.Food Stamp benefits go on items like milk, meat, fish, eggs, rice, pasta, and infant formula. The Division of Child Support Services provides support to ensure every child in NH has financial and medical support from both parents. The Governors Commission on harm assists residents who cannot continue pruneing through providing resources from Social Security and Medicare or Medicaid. The Bureau of Behavioral health promotes respect, recovery, and considerable-cut community inclus ion for adults, including older adults, who experience a mental illness and children with an emotional disturbance (NH DHHS, 2011).Public Health Public health nurses focus care on the community or population as a whole raising questions about its overall health status, and associated factors (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2008, p. 14). Public health nurses come from a wide variety of specialties or may be credentialed in public health specifically. Some of the programs public health nurses focus on includes obesity, emergency preparedness, and chemical exposure prevention. Public health nurses work in schools, the workplace, and local government. Community HealthCommunity health is the synthesis of nursing theory and public health theory applied to promoting, preserving, and maintaining the health of populations through the delivery of personal health care services to individuals and groups (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2008, p. 16). These nurses work in government and orphic agencies focusing on improving the health of the communities. They provide education about health and disease prevention, nutrition, and childcare. Community health nurses work closely with health care organizations. An example of community health nursing is nurses who work for Community Health Centers or Parish nurses.Conclusion Public and Community Health Associations have improved and extended the timberland of life of American citizens since their inception during the 1800s. Many changes occurred through the early years, and changes will likely continue into the prospective as the needs of the American people change. Public Health and Community Health are similar in that they each focus on the needs of the people however, Public Health focuses on the large scale of the needs of the people of the nation, and Community Health uses the information Public Health extrapolates and tailors the information to the needs of their community.

Monopoly †micro Economics Essay

Monopoly is a market structure in which there is a champion seller, there atomic number 18 no close substitutes for the commodity it produces and there argon barriers to entry in said(prenominal) industry. Characteristics of Monopoly Single Seller There is only one seller he can control every harm or supply of his product. But he cannot control demand for the product, as there are many buyers. No close Substitutes there are any close substitutes for the product. The buyers have no alternatives or choice. Either they have to buy the product or go without it.Price The monopolist has control everywhere the supply so as to increase the price. Sometimes he whitethorn adopt price discrimination. He may fix different prices for different sets of consumers. A monopolist can either fix the price or quantity of output but he cannot do both, at the same time. No intro there is any freedom to other producers to enter the market as the monopolist is enjoying monopoly power. There are stron g barriers for tonic firms to enter. There are legal, technological, economic and natural obstacles, which may block the entry of new producers.Firm and Industry Under monopoly, there is no difference between a firm and an industry. As there is only one firm, that single firm constitutes the whole industry. Causes for Monopoly Natural A monopoly may get up on account of some natural causes. Some minerals are available only in accredited regions. For type, South Africa has the monopoly of diamonds nickel in the world is mostly available in Canada and oil in philia East. This is natural monopoly. Technical Monopoly power may be enjoyed due to technical reasons.A firm may have control over raw materials, technical knowledge, special know-how, scientific secrets and formula that enable a monopolist to produce a commodity. e. g. , Coco Cola. Legal Monopoly power is achieved through patent rights, copyright and swop marks by the producers. This is c onlyed legal monopoly. Large Amo unt of Capital The manufacture of some goods requires a titanic make sense of capital or lumpiness of capital. All firms cannot enter the field because they cannot afford to invest such a large amount of capital. This may give rise to monopoly.For example, iron and steel industry, railways, etc. State political science will have the sole right of producing and selling some goods. They are State monopolies. For example, we have populace utilities like electricity and railways. These public utilities are undertaken by the State. Examples of Monopoly in Market In todays Market monopoly does not exist today there is cut throat competition in all the fields but still there are few industries which have monopoly those are mentioned below. Indian Railways Airlines in India till liberalization.OPEC ( A Group of Oil producing countries come together to form a organization and notice market) Microsoft (An Information Technology Firm) Monopoly can also exist within Pharmaceutical companies where when one gets patent rights they are the only company producing the medicine and no one else can produce. Here above we saw example of Microsoft. Microsoft is a company that produces Operating System for computers which is the only graphical user interface between form and human. There are other companies also like MAC. But as per patent they only civilise for Apple.Where as all other computer manufacturer are left with only option as Microsoft and its product. This is how Microsoft is under Monopolistic Condition and Market circumstances. And above mentioned all the characteristic can also be related to the example of monopoly. Today we have seen that Microsoft is a multi Billion Dollar Multinational company. This has grown over a period of time just because of its monopoly and very less competitors. This tells us the Different ways by which a monopoly power of the company can grow. And company can make very good amount of profits.

Project Performance and Control on the London 2012 construction Essay

go out Performance and Control on the London 2012 construction programme - Essay ExampleEqually, the program did not suffer from any noticeable or significant deviation from the set goals and measures as detailed in the governing blueprint of the schedule. The orderly and harmonious connection of the varied aspects of the program was an enabling factor to the attaining of the different goals attained at the various levels and stages of the program. Most count on deliverables were within the stipulated range of time and measures. The overall proceeding of the program is indicative of the accuracy of methods employed, the appropriate estimations, and the quality of controls and management systems employed before and in the campaign of the construction. The success of the Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games depended nearly entirely on the nature of logistics and state of infrastructure. The entire construction project was placed under the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) (Elson, 2012). Experts in the fields of construction, planning, sports, and finance worked together to fall upon a level of efficiency that contributed significantly to the successful model of construction and architecture. In essence, analysts contend that oft of the efficiency and effectiveness of the program was a factor of appropriate consultation and the taskment of utility, resources, and the element of time. Analysts detect that the cognitive operation of the construction program surpassed benchmarks and established standards and that it demonstrated the capacity of London construction industry to pass the usual inequalities and logistical mishaps that have defined nearly similar projects in the past. Forensic schedule analysis and cost management argon some of the key indicators of success that attend to construction projects in many parts of the world. The application of this analysis was manifest in matching of specific processes to respective estimates of time. Teams comp rising of contractors, the academia, industry partners, and seven-fold government bodies worked together with the ODA to assess the kind of synergies that would be required in the development of other systems that are consistent with the nature of success achieved in the London 2012 Construction Program (Elson, 2012). On this note, it becomes important to assess the program as a case in point of the effect of coordination and management on the performance of processes as understood within the construction industry. Appropriate systems of risk management were enlisted throughout the various processes to deal as the safeguards against possible and unforeseeable mishaps to the program. The enlisting of the risk management systems was premised on the awareness of the impact of orthogonal factors to the performance of the program. As such, estimates of costs and other operational variables were observed in recognition of the possible variations that determine the nature of performanc e of processes against the set goals and benchmarks. The preliminary stage of the program focused on the development of the close appropriate strategy. This stage was one of the most important because it determined the course of action to be interpreted regarding the other kinds of processes. Some of the details that informed the development of strategy included matters of funding of the specific aspects of the program. flesh out of internal and external funding were discussed with the view of determining the most appropri