Major Functions Of The Skin

Major Functions Of The SkinThe sputter is the largest organ of the system. Measuring amid 1.5 and 2.0 square metres in an adult, it forms an extensive contact area with the environment. This contact presents a variety of important ch eachenges, which the bark must meet in couch to protect the body. It uppityly provides important opportunities, which the pelt uses to harbor homeostasis.Consider the challenges and opportunities be by contact with the environment and relate them to the major functions of the struggle.The integumentary constitution, consisting of clamber, vibrissa and nails, act as a barrier to protect the body from the environment. few challenges and opportunities posed to the cutis by the environments are exposure to sunlight/UV Rays, bacteria, mechanical dam be on, chemical damage and thermal damage.The integumentary system acts as a barrier in three ways a chemical barrier, a somatogenetic barrier and a biological barrier. The integumentary system works with the immune system to create a biological barrier. change cells in the scrape up find and destroy foreign bacteria.A physical barrier consists of hard, keratinized cells in the nails, skin and hair. These cells especially in skin and nails endorse protect the internal organs and parenthood system from external environmental factors. Hair helps to minimalise insects from crawling on the skin, protect the scalp from physical distress and inflect heating system.A chemical barrier is excessively due to skin. The skin has childbed glands which secrete substances onto the skin that stop the reproduction of bacteria. The skin also produces melanin which acts to protect ultraviolet rays from the sun however despite melanins protective factors excessive sun exposure will eventually damage the skin.2 condone how the structures of the skin contribute to its functions.35% 437.5AnswerThe skin is the largest organ in the integumentary system and has 2 major components the cuta neous membrane or skin and the accessory structures.The cutaneous membrane has 2 components the carapace and the dermis. The cuticle is the outer tier of theskin and the dermis is a bottom ofskinbetween theepidermisandsubcutaneous tissues.The accessory structures consists of hair, nails and multicellular exocrine glands.The epidermis consists of 5 layers the family basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum and corneum. The Stratum basale is the outer layer of skin, thestratum spinosumis a layer of theepidermisfound between thestratum granulosumandstratum basale.1 This layer helps to prevent dehydration, thestratum granulosumis the layer between thestratum lucidumandstratum spinosum, thestratum lucidumis a change state, clear layer of dead skin cells. It is found barely in areas of thick skin, most noticeably on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet and finally thestratum corneumis the outermost layer and is filled with keratin, which is made up of dead cells.The dermi s is responsible for the strength of skin. Its main functions are to rule temperature and to supply the epidermis with nutrient-saturated blood. Much of the bodys water supply is stored within the dermis.The dermis contains most of the skins specialized cells and structures, including Blood vessels, lymph vessels, hairfollicles, sweat glands, sebaceous, or oil, glands, brass endings, collagenandelastin.The dermis layer is made up of two sublayers, the papillary layer, which contains a thin arrangement of collagen fibers. The papillary layer supplies nutrients to select layers of the epidermis and regulates temperature. The second is the reticular layer which is thicker and made of thick collagen fibers that are arranged in parallel to the surface of the skin. The reticular layer strengthens the skin, providing structure and elasticity.A layer of tissue that lies immediately below the dermis is the hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue. The hypodermis consists in general of looseconne ctive tissueand lobules of fat and acts as an energy reserve. It contains bigblood vesselsand nervesthan those found in the dermis.The hypodermis contains elastic fibers, fibrous bands, fat, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, hair follicle roots, nerves and muscle.The skin includes the following functions protection, sensation, heat regulation, nurse of evaporation, storage and synthesis, absorption, water resistance.The structures of the skin all work together to maintain the important functions.3You are exercising on a calefactive day. Explain two ways in which the integumentary system acts to save homeostasis20% 250AnswerTwo ways in which the integumentary system acts to bring through homeostasis are sweating and vasodilation.Homeostasis is a term for your bodys ability to regulate your internal state, and sweating is an example of this. If your bodytemperature gets too high, one of the homeostatic mechanisms used to bring your temp back to normal is sweating.Eccrine sweat gl ands are the major sweat glands of the human body, found in more or less all skin. Sweat is clear secretion that is primarily water and sodium chloride (sodium chloride).Sweat reaches the skin via a duct that opens externally as a funnel shaped pore. Eccrine sweat glands are a passing efficient part of the heat regulating system, they are supplied with nerve endings that driving them to secrete sweat when the bodys temperature gets too high. When sweat evaporates off the skins surface it takes body heat with it. On a luscious day you could lose up to 7 litres of body water.Another way the integumentary system acts to preserve homeostasis is vasodilation. Blood vessels supplying blood to the skin keister swell or dilate called vasodilation. This causes more heat to be carried by the blood to the skin, where it can be lost to the air however if the external environment is as hot as or hotter than the body the only way to forgo heat is through evaporation of perspiration.This i s an efficient source of heat firing as long as the air is dry, if it is humid evaporation occurs at a much slower rate leaving the person hot and irritated.When the body cools down the hypothalamus through the autonomic nervous system tells the heat neediness centre to switch off.4Indicate how ageing affects the skin and explain how these changes affect its normal function.15%AnswerAs state age their epidermal cell replacement slows therefore the skin begins to thin resulting in an increase of bruising and other types of injury. The lubricating substances provided by the skin glands that provides materialisation looking and soft skin start to become less efficient, resulting in dry itchy skin. Elastic fibers and collagen fibers become fewer and stiffer so the skin has much less elasticity resulting in wrinkles.The decrease in poem of melanocytes and langerhans cells produced can enhance the risk of skin cancer in sometime(a) age, especially if alot of ultraviolet rays are abs orbed.UV rays are a major contribution to the rapidity of skins aging. Over time, the suns rays damage certain fibers in the skin called elastin. The breakdown of elastin fibers causes the skin to sag and take longer to heal.Ageing also affects things below the skin loss of fat below the skin whitethorn result in loosening skin, bone loss after the age of 60 can cause puckering of the skin around the mouth, cartilage loss in the nose causes drooping of the nasal tip.Smokers also tend to start more wrinkles than non-smokers of the same age.Skin changes associated with ageing pose particular problems for nurses caring for gray people.5Outline the nursing principles involved in skin share in the elderly.15%Answer venerable patients are disposed to skin tears, ulcers, abrasions, irritation and infection especially if they are diabetic. If proper skin care is not adhered to, it can result in sores, dry/ aching skin and even gangrene.When an elderly patient is bathing the temperature of the water should be warm rather than hot as elderly peoples skin does not contain as much oil as it once did, if all the oil is washed away, their skin is more susceptible to breaking, which can jot to infection.A mild soap should always be used as it is not harsh on their skin and helps prevent it from becoming dry. payable to the loss of natural oils in the skin, it is necessary to apply a moisturizing lotion after a bath and multiple times through the day. exploitation a moisturizer helps reduce the itchiness, and the likelihood of infection.It is not uncommon for some elderly patients to be confined to their bed 24 hours a day. This is when skin care is vital, especially if they are incontinent of bowel and bladder, washing and drying the area on a regular basis can reduce the risk of a fungal infection forming.Elderly skin must be observed regularly to check for changes such(prenominal) as moles.MARK SHEET.Workbook 3 Integumentary systemQuestion mark out of 100Marks Awar ded1st chump2nd markerAgreed115235320415515Total100 last Agreed MarkWorkbook 1Workbook 2Workbook 3Final pct